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Development and conservation: indigenous businesses and the UNDP Equator Initiative

Author

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  • Fikret Berkes
  • Tikaram Adhikari

Abstract

Does indigenous entrepreneurship have distinctive features? We explored resources used, benefits produced and nature of partnerships in 42 indigenous cases in the UNDP Equator Initiative database, mainly involving forestry, agro-forestry, agriculture, NTFPs, ecotourism and protected areas. The cases showed a strong focus on social enterprise and cultural values, and politics of resource access. Many indigenous groups sought control over their traditional lands as essential to rebuilding their societies, and indigenous entrepreneurship was often used as a tool towards self-governance. The cases were characterised by extensive networks, with a large number of partners at the same level of social and political organisation (horizontal inkages). Vertical linkages typically involved three or four levels of political organisation. These connections went far beyond business networking and included, for example, environmental knowledge building. Partnerships for training and institution building often involved NGOs or local-level government agencies or both, but rarely (N=2) non-indigenous joint ventures.

Suggested Citation

  • Fikret Berkes & Tikaram Adhikari, 2006. "Development and conservation: indigenous businesses and the UNDP Equator Initiative," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 3(6), pages 671-690.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijesbu:v:3:y:2006:i:6:p:671-690
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Alejandra Orozco-Quintero & Leslie King & Rosaline Canessa, 2020. "Interplay and Cooperation in Environmental Conservation: Building Capacity and Responsive Institutions Within and Beyond the Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, Canada," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, June.
    2. Robyn Eversole, 2013. "Social enterprises as local development actors," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 28(6), pages 567-579, September.
    3. Marco Nunez Ramirez & Teodoro Wendlandt Amezaga & Maria Alvarez Medina & Jorge Ortega Arreola, 2016. "Differences in Entrepreneurial Skills of College Students in the Mexican Intercultural Context," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(7), pages 120-120, June.
    4. Alejandra Orozco‐Quintero & Fikret Berkes, 2010. "Role of linkages and diversity of partnerships in a Mexican community‐based forest enterprise," Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 4(2), pages 148-161, June.
    5. Eric Melillanca & Milton Ramírez & Eric Forcael, 2023. "Model of Key Factors in the Sustainable Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Belonging to the First Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-27, May.

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