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Critical infrastructures challenges and requirements meet blockchain features and benefits: a literature review

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  • Hosny Abbas
  • Ibrahim E. Ibrahim
  • Hamada Esmaiel
  • Bassem Abd-El-Atty

Abstract

Since its invention by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 (Nakamoto, 2008) as the backbone of the first successful bitcoin digital cryptocurrency, blockchain technology has evolved and experienced several innovative breakthroughs. It has become a disruptive solution for developing distributed and decentralised applications in many domains beyond cryptocurrencies. One example of these domains is the contemporary, riskily interdependent ICT-based critical infrastructure. This multi-domain literature review explores the literature of blockchain and critical infrastructure domains, attempting to match the features and benefits provided by the former to the challenges and requirements encountered in the latter. The review concludes that despite the known limitations of blockchain technology regarding scalability, interoperability, implementation complexity, and real-time requirements, it represents a promising enabling technology for addressing several challenges and requirements in the design and development of contemporary integrated and highly interdependent CIs. Future research directions are also highlighted.

Suggested Citation

  • Hosny Abbas & Ibrahim E. Ibrahim & Hamada Esmaiel & Bassem Abd-El-Atty, 2025. "Critical infrastructures challenges and requirements meet blockchain features and benefits: a literature review," International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 21(6), pages 592-639.
    • Handle: RePEc:ids:ijcist:v:21:y:2025:i:6:p:592-639
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