Exploratory performance evaluation and ranking for complex network systems based on the extension of GFA-DEA approach

In complex systems with expansive operations, the connections between inputs and outputs are complicated and multifaceted, requiring deep insights into network systems to extend to multi-stage evaluation. Meanwhile, the inherent uncertainty including data insufficiency and interrelation may hinder the applicability of conventional efficiency evaluation models. And it is crucial to figure out the appropriate inputs and outputs from a wide range of potential indicators. Therefore, this paper proposes an exploratory performance analysis and ranking model for complex systems with network structures and uncertainties based on the extension of the combination of data envelopment analysis (DEA), grey theory, and factor analysis (GFA-DEA). It can be used as a supplementary tool for exploratory analysis of complex systems as the requirements for basic data are not excessive. The illustrative application shows the extended model concludes relatively consistent results with network DEA models and provides complementary information with simplified model formulation and computational complexity. [Submitted: 4 September 2023; Accepted: 25 August 2024]