Enterprise Data Security in the Cloud Environment: Threat Analysis

Wider use of cloud services leads to increased cyber attacks on data arrays in cloud storage. Ensuring privacy in the cloud comes at a cost, and businesses are willing to bear these costs for data security. However, there is still a high risk of data being tracked and stolen due to existing vulnerabilities in the Internet environment. The purpose of the article is to analyze threats to data in the cloud environment under conditions of uncertainty and to reveal their increase in the virtual IT infrastructure of the enterprise. The advantages and disadvantages of enterprises using cloud services for data storage were revealed. Considering the amount of financial losses and reputational risks, the issue of protecting networks and services in the cloud, especially when hosting confidential or secret information, is a priority for enterprises of all industries. According to Significant Cyber Incidents, cyber incidents against government, defence and high-tech companies in the world were analyzed during 2021-2022. It was found that the attacks were primarily aimed at critical infrastructure enterprises and government organizations. Analysis of data from the Future Risk Report 2022 shows that climate change, geopolitical tensions, cyber security risks, and energy risks will remain the most significant risks over the next decade. It was revealed that since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, the number of attacks on Ukrainian enterprises of critical infrastructure and the telecommunications sphere has increased significantly. This shows that hacker attacks are one of the tools of hybrid warfare, capable of causing significant damage to the country's economy. The revealed trend in Ukraine confirms the predictions of international experts that cyber threats will grow in conditions of uncertainty and geopolitical instability. The article provides a chronology of massive cyberattacks on Ukrainian enterprises and organizations in the IT sphere over the past two years. It was determined that the means of reducing risks in the field of cyber security, which lead to the saving of costs of enterprises for data security, are the tools of artificial intelligence of security and further automation of threat identification. Thus, cyber security becomes an integral component in ensuring the full functioning of the enterprise, and the ways and means of its achievement require further research.