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将来世代・自我・共同体, Future Generations, Self, and Community

Author

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  • Usami, Makoto

Abstract

環境問題において現代世代が将来世代に与える甚大な影響は，公共政策による将来世代配慮を要請する．他方，非同意者への拘束，物理的強制，市民生活への多大な影響，課税による資金調達という公共政策の諸特徴のゆえに，将来世代配慮の政策は正当化を求められる．このような基本認識の下，本稿は，将来世代配慮の多様な正当化論の概観と最近の新潮流の批判的検討を目的とする．まず，30年余にわたる学説史を黎明期・批判期・展開期に区分して回顧した上で，原理基底的／自我基底的と2項関係／3項関係／非関係という2つの観点から主要学説を分類する．次に，1990年代に台頭した2つの自我基底的理論，すなわち過去世代の達成物を評価し拡張する責務を根拠とする見解と，比較的近接の将来世代と現代世代を包括する超世代的共同体の観念に訴える見解とを多角的に吟味する．最後に，以上2つの作業が今後の将来世代配慮の研究に対してもつ示唆を考察する．, During the last three decades, numerous attempts have been made to justify environmental policy for the sake of future generations. This article reviews major arguments for concern for posterity, distinguishing three stages of the development of study chronologically. It also classifies the arguments by two criteria: principle-based or self-based; binary-relational, trinary-relational, or non-relational. Next, the Aristotelian justification for environmental policy invoking an obligation to appreciate and extend the achievements of past generations and the communitarian one founded on the idea of transgenerational community are closely examined. Finally, the article concludes that a principle-based and trinary-relational theory may be the most promising.

Suggested Citation

  • Usami, Makoto, 2004. "将来世代・自我・共同体, Future Generations, Self, and Community," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 55(1), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:hit:ecorev:v:55:y:2004:i:1:p:1-14
    DOI: 10.15057/21603
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