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90年代ミャンマーの稲二期作化と農業政策・農村金融―イラワジ管区一農村調査事例を中心に―, Policy-Initiated Expansion of Summer Rice under Constraints of Rural Credit in Myanmar in the 1990s -Perspectives from a Village Study in Ayeyarwaddy Division-

Author

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  • Fujita, Koichi

Abstract

本稿は,イラワジ・デルタの新デルタ部の一農村調査事例(2001年調査)の検討を通じ,1992/93年度以降の乾期米増産計画の下でのミャンマーにおける農村経済変容の実態と問題を明らかにする.村人の労働出役による用排水路網整備を基盤とする灌漑ポンプへの農民投資が稲二期作化という農業技術変化の成功の鍵を握った.しかし米の民間輸出禁止の下で稲作交易条件の著しい悪化が進むに伴い,計画は90年代半ば以降頭打ちになった.そして2000年半ば以降1年半以上も継続した国内米価暴落が襲い,それに対する政府の無策と計画栽培制度の堅持が稲作農民に大きな打撃を与えた.それに加えて,農村金融市場の不備,とりわけインフォーマル金融の比重の高さ,そこでの月利4~10%以上にも及ぶ高金利が,資本集約的な乾期米生産にとってもう1つ重大な阻害要因であることが明らかになった., Based on an intensive survey in a village in Ayeyarwaddy Delta, Myanmar, during June 2001, this paper clarifies the rural economic changes and problems under the 'Summer Paddy Program' since 1992/93. Despite its success, it began to be constrained by the worsened terms of trade for rice cultivation, mainly due to the ban on rice exports by private traders. Collapse of the rice price since 2000 for more than one and a half years, along with the planned cropping policy, hit the farmers badly. Problems in the rural credit market, characterized by dominance of the informal sector and extremely high interest rates, also worked as another serious constraint for the capital-intensive summer paddy production.

Suggested Citation

  • Fujita, Koichi, 2003. "90年代ミャンマーの稲二期作化と農業政策・農村金融―イラワジ管区一農村調査事例を中心に―, Policy-Initiated Expansion of Summer Rice under Constraints of Rural Credit in Myanmar in the 1990s -Perspectives from a Village Study in Ayeyarwaddy Division-," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 54(4), pages 300-314, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:ecorev:v:54:y:2003:i:4:p:300-314
    DOI: 10.15057/21489
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