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飢饉と人口増加速度―18-19世紀の日本―, Famines and the Changing Tempo of Population Change in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-century Japan

Author

Listed:
  • Saito, Osamu

Abstract

マルサスは飢饉を,人口増加にたいする協力な積極的制限と看なした.しかし,ワトキンスとメンケンの1985年論文や,日本にかんする速水融の仕事に代表される近年の歴史人口学は,その重要性に疑問を投げかけてきた.本稿は,徳川日本を対象に飢饉年表を再整理し,飢饉頻度の効果を疫病との比較において測定する.また,飢饉と疫病が発生しなかったときに実現したであろう潜在人口増加率も推計する.その結果から,飢饉の発生はそれほど頻繁でなく,その人口減少効果自体も大きくなかったこと,しかし,18世紀から19世紀中葉にかけての人口変化のかなりは飢饉頻度によって説明でき,それ以降の局面における出生率主導の人口趨勢の反転も広域飢饉の消滅によって説明可能であることが示される.そして徳川日本の場合には,人口の自然出生水準が低かったがゆえに―最近の支配的見解とは異なり―飢饉頻度の変化は人口趨勢の局面転換に強い影響をもちえたことが示唆される., Malthus considered famines a demographic corrective in the past. On this Malthusian view serious scepticism has been raised. For the Japanese past too, recent historiography has played down the role of famines in explaining population movements during the latter half of the Tokugawa period. This paper re-examines available lists of historical famines, then attempts to estimate the effect of the frequency of famines on population change for 1721-1885. Although its estimated effect was not great, the results show that given Tokugawa Japan's low levels of fertility, famines played an unmistakable role in accounting for a stagnant population over the period up to the 1840s and an upturn since then.

Suggested Citation

  • Saito, Osamu, 2000. "飢饉と人口増加速度―18-19世紀の日本―, Famines and the Changing Tempo of Population Change in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-century Japan," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 51(1), pages 28-39, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:ecorev:v:51:y:2000:i:1:p:28-39
    DOI: 10.15057/21408
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • N30 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - General, International, or Comparative
    • N35 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Asia including Middle East

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