Understanding Implementation of the Family and Community Nurse Role Using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: A Case Study

AimTo explore the factors influencing the Family and Community Nurse (FCN) role implementation within the local health authority (LHA) of Biella, Italy.DesignQualitative single embedded case study.MethodsTwenty-two participants (18 FCNs and 4 managers) were interviewed using in-depth semistructured interviews and timeline elicitation. Observational data were recorded in field notes. Data were analyzed using the Framework Analysis approach and organized through the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.ResultsAt the outer setting level, alignment with national policy and population needs supported adoption, although public awareness of the role was initially low. Within the inner setting, organizational flexibility enabled role adaptation, especially regarding project participation and time allocation. However, fragmented coordination with existing services and the persistence of task-based workflows limited integration. At the individual level, FCNs expressed strong motivation and professional identification, but also reduced confidence linked to limited preparation for community-based and educational activities. The process was supported by reflective leadership and the progressive tailoring of strategies to local needs and staff competencies.ConclusionImplementing the FCN role is a dynamic process shaped by structural conditions, professional boundaries, and stakeholder engagement. Sustainability requires system-level support, cross-sector collaboration, and a clearly defined scope of practice.ImpactThis study highlights key organizational and contextual conditions required to support the sustainable integration of FCNs. These insights may guide health service managers and policymakers in strengthening community-based care models, improving interprofessional coordination, and investing in role-specific education to meet the needs of aging populations.Reporting MethodThe study adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.Patient or Public ContributionNone.