Application of PCA and SVM in Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Bearings with Varying Speed

Vibration analysis is widely used as an efficient condition monitoring (CM) tool for rotating machines in various industries. Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) models play an important role in the development of any CM system. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has since gained recognition in the development of fault detection and diagnosis systems. In this paper, a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) which is used for reducing the data dimensionality, and support vector machine (SVM) which is adopted for classification to carry out fault detection and diagnosis of faults in bearings using vibrations. The diagnostic feature design and machine learning toolbox in MATLAB are used to develop features and train the models, respectively. Real data from the Mendeley data depository is used to test and evaluate the models. Model training is carried out using data with varying speeds representing different conditions of bearing making it different from similar approaches involving SVM. The choice of data used proves that SVM can be able to classify faults with consideration of the varying operating speeds. Results have shown that the combination of PCA and SVM is effective in fault diagnosis of bearing faults under varying speeds such that a 97.4% classification accuracy was achieved. The result implies that PCA and SVM can be implemented in various industrial setups where variable speeds can occur both intentionally or nonintentionally. Furthermore, the method was able to differentiate between compounding faults and faults that occur at different times. The confusion matrix further proves the quality and accuracy of the trained model. Future work will focus on the development of models that can carry out the prognosis of faults in bearings as well as to model for other faults other than bearing faults.