Thermal Performance of Sinusoidal Magnetic Field, Thermal Radiation on the Peristaltic Flow of Boger Trihybrid Nanofluid in an Asymmetric Channel in the Presence of Beating Cilia

The efficient management of heat and mass transfer in biological and industrial microfluidic systems is essential for enhancing performance and stability. However, limited studies have addressed the combined influence of sinusoidal magnetic fields, thermal radiation and beating cilia on the peristaltic flow of Boger trihybrid nanofluids within asymmetric channels. This study is aimed at analysing the thermal and flow behaviour of a Boger trihybrid nanofluid composed of three distinct nanoparticles under these coupled physical effects. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are formulated based on the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number and are solved analytically to obtain expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration distributions. The coupled partial differential equations of the proposed model are solved using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The analysis further explores the effects of magnetic field intensity, nanoparticle volume fraction, relaxation time, channel asymmetry and chemical reaction parameters on flow characteristics. The temperature decreases by approximately 66.67%, demonstrating a significant improvement in cooling and thermal regulation using the Boger trihybrid nanofluid model compared to the standard Boger fluid. Results reveal that the introduction of a sinusoidal magnetic field significantly modifies the velocity profile and heat transfer rate, while thermal radiation tends to reduce the temperature gradient by approximately 10%–12%, depending on the nanoparticle composition. Increasing the relaxation time ratio enhances velocity by nearly 60%, indicating stronger elastic behaviour of the fluid. Additionally, the trapping phenomenon diminishes with the application of nonsinusoidal magnetic fields. Overall, this study provides a quantitative and theoretical framework for optimising the design of biomedical devices, energy transport systems and microfluidic heat exchangers, where precise thermal control and enhanced heat transfer are vital.