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Buildings as Species: Competition and Scaling Rules in Cities

Author

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  • Sara Najem
  • Tarek Tohme
  • Martin Grant

Abstract

We look at buildings’ competition over space in cities following the distribution of the perimeters r of the buildings’ circumscribing ellipses. pr is shown to follow a power-law behavior beyond a critical threshold of the density of the built environment. In this regime, pd, where d is the distance to the nearest competitor, defined to be a building with a larger r, bifurcates with the buildings’ number n. This reveals two different competition laws: one which is linked to spatial homogeneity and segregation, as opposed to another favoring spatial diversity and intermixing between buildings with different sizes.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Najem & Tarek Tohme & Martin Grant, 2026. "Buildings as Species: Competition and Scaling Rules in Cities," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2026, pages 1-6, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:hin:complx:7148875
    DOI: 10.1155/cplx/7148875
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