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Menneskets kolonisering af Jorden og forskelligartede samfundsudviklinger

Author

Listed:
  • Klemp, Marc

    (Økonomisk Institut ved Københavns Universitet, Population Studies and Training Center ved Brown University og Centre for Economic Policy Research)

Abstract

I denne artikel giver jeg et overblik over forskningen i en dybtliggende årsag til forskelle i økonomisk udvikling og andre samfundsforhold på tværs af verdensbefolkninger. Forskningen udnytter, at menneskets udvandring fra Afrika for 60 til 90 tusinde år siden har påvirket den globale fordeling af befolkningsdiversitet til at undersøge virkningen af befolkningsdiversitet på økonomisk udvikling, borgerkrig, politiske institutioner, mellemmenneskelig tillid, og andre samfundsforhold på tværs af lande, regioner og folkeslag. Forskningen har blandt andet vist, at befolkningsdiversitet (i) har en positiv virkning på indkomst per indbygger i mere homogene befolkninger, en negativ effekt i mere heterogene befolkninger og forklarer mellem 16% og 26% af den variation i indkomst per indbygger, som ikke kan forklares ved andre grundlæggende variable, (ii) forøger risikoen for, og alvorligheden af, borgerkrig og civile konflikter samt (iii) fremmer innovation og mindsker mellemmenneskelig tillid.

Suggested Citation

  • Klemp, Marc, 2022. "Menneskets kolonisering af Jorden og forskelligartede samfundsudviklinger," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2022(1), pages 1-22.
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:jdaecn:0195
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Befolkningsdiversitet; økonomisk udvikling; borgerkrig; politiske institutioner; mellemmenneskelig tillid;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N10 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - General, International, or Comparative
    • N30 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - General, International, or Comparative
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • O50 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - General
    • Z10 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - General

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