IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jwaste/v1y2023i4p56-992d1288617.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Enhanced Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Industry Waste Using Menthol/Fatty Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent

Author

Listed:
  • Despoina Vlachoudi

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece)

  • Theodoros Chatzimitakos

    (Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece)

  • Vassilis Athanasiadis

    (Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece)

  • Eleni Bozinou

    (Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece)

  • Stavros I. Lalas

    (Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece)

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the efficiency of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) composed of menthol and fatty acids for extracting carotenoids from tomato by-products. A selection of nine different HDESs and fatty acid mixtures were prepared and evaluated for their carotenoid extraction potential. The highest extraction yield was obtained with menthol/hexanoic acid 2:1 (94.5 ± 3.3 μg CtE/g dm), demonstrating the influence of the specific composition of DES components on extraction efficiency. An optimization process employing a Box–Behnken design was conducted to identify the optimal extraction conditions. The solvent-to-solid ratio, extraction time, and temperature were studied, resulting in an extraction yield increase of up to 48.5% under optimized conditions (solvent-to-solid ratio of 25:1, extraction time of 90 min, and temperature of 50 °C). Furthermore, potent antioxidant properties, including antiradical activity (63.7 ± 4 μmol AAE/g dm) and reducing power (26.7 ± 1.8 μmol AAE/g dm), were recorded. Comparative analyses with conventional organic solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone) highlighted the superiority of HDES in both carotenoid extraction and antioxidant capacity. A color analysis of the extracts showed distinctive color profiles, with the HDES extract displaying higher redness and reduced yellowness compared to organic solvent extracts. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate correlation analysis (MCA) revealed strong correlations between total carotenoid content and antioxidant parameters, underscoring the relationship between carotenoid extraction and antioxidant potential. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of HDESs, particularly Men/Hex 2:1, as efficient and sustainable solvents for carotenoid extraction. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of innovative and environmentally friendly methods for extracting carotenoids with potential applications in various industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Despoina Vlachoudi & Theodoros Chatzimitakos & Vassilis Athanasiadis & Eleni Bozinou & Stavros I. Lalas, 2023. "Enhanced Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Industry Waste Using Menthol/Fatty Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent," Waste, MDPI, vol. 1(4), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jwaste:v:1:y:2023:i:4:p:56-992:d:1288617
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0391/1/4/56/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0391/1/4/56/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ioannis Giovanoudis & Vassilis Athanasiadis & Theodoros Chatzimitakos & Olga Gortzi & George D. Nanos & Stavros I. Lalas, 2022. "Development of a Cloud Point Extraction Technique Based on Lecithin for the Recovery of Carotenoids from Liquid Tomato Wastewater," Waste, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-10, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.

      Corrections

      All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jwaste:v:1:y:2023:i:4:p:56-992:d:1288617. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

      If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

      If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

      If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

      For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

      Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

      IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.