Linking Structural Barriers and Circular Business Model Innovation in SMEs: An Integrated MICMAC–CBMC Framework

The transition toward circular economy (CE) systems is essential for improving resource efficiency and sustainability performance in industrial production. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face structural barriers that limit the adoption of circular practices and business model innovation. This study examines the systemic drivers shaping circular transitions in timber-based SMEs within an industrial cluster in northern Mexico. The research integrates the Matrix of Cross-Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification (MICMAC) structural analysis with the Circular Business Model Canvas (CBMC) to analyze influence–dependence relationships among key barriers and their implications for business model transformation. Empirical data were collected from 32 SMEs using structured surveys and expert consultation. The results suggest that financial constraints, technological limitations, and weak collaboration networks act as dominant systemic drivers. The CBMC assessment indicates an average implementation level of 45%, with high variability across firms (31–99%), reflecting fragmented and early-stage circular transition patterns. By linking structural diagnostics with business model components, the study identifies strategic leverage points and potential intervention pathways. The findings contribute to CE research by providing a systematic and replicable analytical framework, as well as insights for understanding circular bioeconomy transitions in SME-based industrial clusters.