Evaluating Destination Competitiveness Through Dynamic Capabilities: A Systematic Literature Review of Qatar’s Sustainable Tourism

This study systematically reviews the evolution of Qatar’s tourism sector to evaluate the historical barriers impeding its development and the strategic initiatives deployed to enhance destination competitiveness. The research’s primary aim is to provide a theory-driven longitudinal analysis of Qatar’s tourism evolution, identifying systemic barriers and adaptive responses required for long-term sustainability. Grounded in the theoretical synthesis of Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) and Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), the research employs a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA framework, screening 4846 records to analyze 24 final studies. The findings reveal five primary structural and perceptual barriers: a price–value mismatch (luxury perception), regional political instability, cultural and regulatory constraints, environmental vulnerabilities, and gaps in tourist infrastructure. Utilizing DCT, the results demonstrate how the destination exhibited adaptive governance by sensing these barriers and seizing strategic opportunities—such as mega-event hosting and visa reforms—to partially transform its tourism system. These insights highlight that while created resources drive initial visibility, sustaining long-term competitiveness and sustainable growth relies on continuous institutional reconfiguration and socio-cultural alignment.