IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v18y2026i8p3998-d1922298.html

Development of a Fire Safety Assessment Model for Buildings in Poland Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process: Validation Through Pilot Study

Author

Listed:
  • Przemysław Konopski

    (Faculty of Architecture, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Wojciech Bonenberg

    (Faculty of Architecture, Poznan University of Technology, 61-131 Poznan, Poland)

  • Roman Pilch

    (Faculty of Architecture, Academy of Film, Art and Design, 90-324 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

Despite advances in engineering, fire safety improvements have plateaued in developed nations, necessitating a reassessment of resource allocation. This study develops a comprehensive fire safety assessment model for the Polish context using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A panel of ten experts—comprising fire safety inspectors, State Fire Service officers, and architects—evaluated safety through a two-dimensional framework: the Fire Hazard Index (FHI) and Fire Safety Index (FSI). The results reveal a critical asymmetry: human factors (0.228) and combustible materials dominate the hazard landscape, whereas intelligent AI/IoT systems (0.4133) and passive protection (0.2113) offer the highest potential for safety enhancement. A novel “convergence–divergence” phenomenon was identified: hazard-focused assessments produce convergent priorities across building types (span 0.116), implying universal mitigation needs (e.g., education), while protection-focused assessments yield divergent priorities (span 0.250), justifying targeted investment. Specifically, healthcare facilities (ZL II) require disproportionate protection investment (priority 0.310). The study concludes that sustainable fire safety strategies must combine universal hazard mitigation with targeted technological interventions, offering a data-driven framework for policy optimization in Poland.

Suggested Citation

  • Przemysław Konopski & Wojciech Bonenberg & Roman Pilch, 2026. "Development of a Fire Safety Assessment Model for Buildings in Poland Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process: Validation Through Pilot Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-27, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:18:y:2026:i:8:p:3998-:d:1922298
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/18/8/3998/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/18/8/3998/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:18:y:2026:i:8:p:3998-:d:1922298. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.