Safety Risk Prioritization for Sustainable Urban Transport in Underground Metro Stations: An Evidence-Based IVIF FMEA Model

It is inconceivable that an unsafe mode of transport could be sustainable. Therefore, in this century, where sustainability is at the forefront, occupational health and safety is more important than ever. However, the most used traditional risk analysis methods cannot be applied to every area due to their shortcomings. In this study, a new proposal of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy failure mode and effects analysis (IVIF FMEA) within the framework of fuzzy logic overcomes the inadequacies of the traditional method, particularly in uncertainty assessment. In this proposed IVIF FMEA method, the effects of historical incident data are incorporated to improve risk prioritization through static decision-maker weighting and dynamic risk parameter weighting. Then, this novel method is implemented for the operational risks of the underground stations within a metropolitan city in Türkiye. When the proposed method is compared with traditional FMEA and classical IVIF FMEA, failure modes (FMs) related to platform surveillance, working at height, and chemical handling are identified as requiring priority action. To ensure safer and more sustainable transport operations, the prioritization of safety measures is as important as their implementation. The obtained results further offer a transferable and methodologically robust basis for advancing sustainability-oriented safety governance by enabling more evidence-based risk prioritization within urban transportation systems.