Multi-Objective Economic, Environmental, and Social Dispatch (EEDS) Model for Polygeneration Systems with Renewable Sources and Energy Storage Under Mixed Demand Profiles

Conventional dispatch models, which are primarily focused on cost minimization, prove insufficient to address the multidimensional challenges of a Just Energy Transition. In order to address this discrepancy, the present paper puts forth the Economic, Environmental, and Social Dispatch (EEDS) model. The EEDS model is a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) Unit Commitment formulation that explicitly incorporates socio-environmental externalities. The methodology implements a two-stage rolling horizon simulator (Day-Ahead and Real-Time) with high temporal resolution (5 min), validated on a polygeneration microgrid integrated with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). The numerical results indicate that the incorporation of quantified social costs substantially modifies the merit order, effectively displacing technologies that are deemed to be socially regressive. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that demand morphology is a pivotal factor in determining system performance, achieving zero Unserved Energy (ENS) and competitive prices across diverse profiles. Finally, the application of scenario analysis demonstrates that BESS is essential for managing diverse demand morphologies and moderating price volatility across different operational contexts. Therefore, the EEDS framework provides a rigorous quantitative foundation upon which economic efficiency, sustainability, and operational social justice can be balanced.