Sense of Place (SoP) and Soundscapes in an Urban Park in Shiraz: Could the S in SoP Stand for Sound Too?

The characteristics of green spaces might play a role in shaping the Sense of Place. However, few studies have investigated the relations between the design characteristics of green space and the SoP, and even fewer have accounted for the multi-sensory characteristics of green spaces. This study investigates the Sense of Place in an urban green space in Shiraz, in relation to its soundscapes both on site ( n = 6) and in the lab ( n = 17). Despite the limited equipment and sample size, the results from both methods of on-site and laboratory conditions converge towards the same conclusions: the SoP was perceived as being lower in parts of the parks located at the boundaries, particularly when unpleasant sounds from the surroundings (e.g., construction) could be heard. Moreover, we did not observe strong associations between sound and visual pleasantness. Finally, we found that the SoP was influenced both by memory representations and the immediate sensory experience. This exploratory study calls for further research on the contribution of the sensory experience, particularly sound-related factors to Sense of Place.