Exposure to Powdered Construction Materials: A Qualitative Analysis of Hazards and Sustainability Characteristics Based on the Identified Use

This study aimed to qualitatively analyze the identified use of dusty construction products in relation to hazard characteristics, occupational exposure limits, Safety Data Sheet features, and material composition. The secondary aim of the study was to explore the relationship between sustainability, expressed as Portland clinker percentage, and health-related indicators. A total of 283 Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) from six large construction companies operating in central Italy were analyzed. Data were extracted on identified use, risk classification, hazard score (H-score), occupational exposure limits (TLVs), composition, SDS update status, and clinker content. Associations between identified use and qualitative variables were explored, while differences in hazard score and clinker percentage were assessed across product categories. Univariate regression analyses were conducted to evaluate predictors of clinker content. The results show marked differences among construction products in terms of hazard profiles, exposure limits, and composition, closely linked to their intended use. Cement-containing products were predominant and associated with higher hazard scores and lower TLVs. Clinker percentage increased with product hazardousness and H-score, indicating a link between sustainability indicators and occupational risk. This study provides the first identified-use–based analysis of powdery construction materials. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of use-specific risk assessment and targeted safety training in the construction sector.