Dynamic Wireless Charging for Micromobility Under Electromagnetic Field Exposure Regulations: A Review of Smart Grid Control and Charging Optimisation Approaches

Dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) can enable dynamic wireless charging for urban micromobility, but deployment is constrained by electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure compliance and by lateral and angular misalignment typical of two-wheeled vehicles. This review consolidates the state of the art and links these constraints to smart grid control and charging optimisation. It frames dynamic charging lanes as corridor infrastructure that behaves as a distributed electrical load whose demand depends on traffic and availability, with segmentation control as a key lever for controllability. It then synthesises practical system architectures that combine power electronics, segmented transmitters, sensing, communication, and supervisory control, because these interfaces determine which degrees of freedom are available to shape demand in space and time. The review also summarises coupler, shielding, and compensation choices that jointly determine efficiency, misalignment robustness, and EMF leakage. Finally, it surveys scheduling methods that incorporate network limits, output from distributed energy resources, and uncertainty through rolling horizon, robust, and risk-constrained formulations. The synthesis supports deployment aligned with renewable integration and sustainable urban mobility, and it highlights open needs in forecasting robustness, scalable optimisation, and secure interoperability.