Organizational Resilience and Firm Performance: Short- and Long-Term Effects

Integrating dynamic capability theory and social exchange theory, this study reveals the impact of organizational resilience (OR) on firm performance (FP) from both short-term and long-term perspectives. The mediating roles of R&D innovation (RD) and employee turnover (ET), as well as the moderating role of artificial intelligence (AI), are also explored. Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies in the manufacturing industry from 2009 to 2022, this study demonstrates that OR contributes to both short-term performance (SP) and long-term performance (LP). RD serves as a negative mediator between OR and SP, while it plays a positive mediating role between OR and LP. ET, in turn, acts as a positive mediator between OR and SP/LP. Our results also suggest that AI positively moderates the relationship between OR and SP/LP. Additionally, the heterogeneity results indicate that the promotion effect of OR on SP is more significant in larger enterprises and low-competition industries. In contrast, the impact of OR on LP is more significant in smaller enterprises and high-competition industries. This study comprehensively describes the effects of OR on FP and explains why there are contradictory findings on the relationship between the two. It also provides practical guidance for manufacturing companies to promote SP and LP through OR in the age of AI.