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Purple Ipe Leaf as a Sustainable Biosorbent for the Removal of Co(II) and Cd(II) Ions from Aqueous Samples

Author

Listed:
  • Bárbara Poso Gregnanin

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil)

  • Toncler da Silva

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil)

  • Marcos Vinícius Nunes Filipovitch Molina

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil)

  • Adrielli Cristina Peres da Silva

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil)

  • Diego Rafael Nespeque Corrêa

    (Department of Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Sciences of Bauru, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil)

  • Margarida Juri Saeki

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil)

  • José Fábian Schneider

    (Physics Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil)

  • Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil)

  • Marco Antonio Utrera Martines

    (Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil)

  • Gustavo Rocha de Castro

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil)

Abstract

The increasing contamination of water resources by wastewater has stimulated extensive research into advanced methods for effluent analysis, monitoring, and treatment. Heavy metals are among the most concerning pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence, and potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in living organisms. This study investigates the use of purple ipe ( Handroanthus impetiginosus ) leaves as a biosorbent for the removal of Co(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The biosorbent was characterized using FTIR, NMR, EDX, SEM, and elemental analysis, revealing a porous and heterogeneous surface with functional groups suitable for metal adsorption. The point of zero charge (pH PZC ) was 5.8, and the zeta potential was −14.7 mV, indicating a negatively charged surface at higher pH values. Maximum removal efficiency was observed in the pH range of 5–6. Kinetic data showed the best fit to a pseudo-second order model, while adsorption equilibrium was most accurately described by the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting a monolayer adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacities were 0.823 mmol g −1 for Co(II) and 0.270 mmol g −1 for Cd(II). The results demonstrate that purple ipe leaves are a sustainable, efficient, and low-cost biosorbent for wastewater treatment, showing great potential for mitigating environmental impacts associated with heavy metal pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Bárbara Poso Gregnanin & Toncler da Silva & Marcos Vinícius Nunes Filipovitch Molina & Adrielli Cristina Peres da Silva & Diego Rafael Nespeque Corrêa & Margarida Juri Saeki & José Fábian Schneider & , 2026. "Purple Ipe Leaf as a Sustainable Biosorbent for the Removal of Co(II) and Cd(II) Ions from Aqueous Samples," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-26, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:18:y:2026:i:2:p:612-:d:1835185
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