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Novel Technologies Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Orange Peels Waste

Author

Listed:
  • Varvara Andreou

    (Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–DEMETER, 14123 Lykovrissi, Attica, Greece)

  • Achilleas Ntafoulis

    (Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Zografos, Attica, Greece)

  • Konstantinos Panagiotis Masouras

    (Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–DEMETER, 14123 Lykovrissi, Attica, Greece)

  • Marianna Giannoglou

    (Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–DEMETER, 14123 Lykovrissi, Attica, Greece)

  • Maria Giannakourou

    (Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Zografos, Attica, Greece)

  • Petros Taoukis

    (Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Zografos, Attica, Greece)

  • George Katsaros

    (Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–DEMETER, 14123 Lykovrissi, Attica, Greece)

Abstract

The study evaluated the conventional extraction (CE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and pulsed electric fields-assisted extraction (PEFAE) of bioactive compounds from orange peel waste. The effect of extraction time (0–120 min), ethanol concentration (0, 50 & 80%), and temperature (25–70 °C) were investigated, while response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for each process optimization. MAE achieved the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (6.36 mg/g w.m.) under optimized conditions (50 kJ microwave energy, 50% ethanol, 60 min), representing approximately 12% higher recovery compared to CE (TPC: 5.29 mg/g w.m.; 50 °C, 55% EtOH, 80 min). UAE (90% amplitude, 66.4 W/kg) resulted in the highest flavonoid recovery (0.48 mg/g w.m.) using 50% ethanol at 50 °C for 90 min, while PEFAE (4 kV/cm, 1000 pulses) for 75 min extraction time exhibited the same TPC yield as CE and the highest antioxidant activity (1.12 mg/g w.m.) using only water at room temperature. RSM analysis confirmed that ethanol concentration and extraction time significantly affected extraction performance. These findings demonstrate the potential of green extraction technologies for sustainable valorization of citrus processing waste and recovery of high added-value compounds.

Suggested Citation

  • Varvara Andreou & Achilleas Ntafoulis & Konstantinos Panagiotis Masouras & Marianna Giannoglou & Maria Giannakourou & Petros Taoukis & George Katsaros, 2026. "Novel Technologies Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Orange Peels Waste," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-37, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:18:y:2026:i:13:p:6815-:d:1983471
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