Design-to-Manufacturing Integration for Prefabricated Timber Construction in Australia: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework Linking BIM, CAD/CAM and CNC Workflows

The growing adoption of prefabricated timber construction in Australia has highlighted persistent difficulties in integrating digital workflows between architectural design, structural engineering, and manufacturing. Although Building Information Modelling (BIM), Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technologies are increasingly used, fragmented software environments, inconsistent data exchange, and limited early manufacturer involvement continue to cause information loss, manual rework, and design-to-manufacturing workflow gaps. This study provides a PRISMA-informed structured review of design-to-manufacturing integration in prefabricated timber construction, focusing on workflow stages, software ecosystems, interoperability issues, and manufacturer-ready data requirements. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 588 records from ScienceDirect and Web of Science were screened, resulting in 60 peer-reviewed studies. These were supplemented by 32 practice-based technical sources, including industry reports, software manuals, user guides, CNC/machinery manuals, and interface documents. The review maps current workflows for timber frames, trusses, and mass timber components, identifying recurring challenges such as fragmented responsibilities, insufficient data detail, incompatible software, repeated remodelling, and weak design-production continuity. Based on these findings, the paper proposes a conceptual digital integration framework emphasising early collaboration, shared parametric logic, and clearer manufacturer-ready data to support more reliable, resource-efficient, and sustainable design-to-manufacturing workflows in Australian prefabricated timber construction.