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Ecosystem Health Assessment of the Liaohe Estuary Suaeda heteroptera Wetland Based on a Coupled PSR–Entropy Weight–PLSR Model

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  • Shupan Lv

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Haixia Sun

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Wenbo Qi

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Jiawei Lv

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Xinzhu Zhang

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Zihao Zhang

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Ming Liu

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Yan Zhang

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Quan Liu

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

  • Rui Yan

    (Operational Oceanography Institute (OOI), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    College of Marine Science Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
    Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Real-Time Warning, Dalian 116023, China
    Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Operational Oceanography, Dalian 116023, China)

Abstract

The Suaeda heteroptera wetland in the Liaohe Estuary is a typical coastal wetland in northern China. This study presents a coupled PSR–entropy–PLSR model to assess ecosystem health and its driving factors, using long-term Landsat data from 1995 to 2024. The results show that the Ecosystem Health Index (EHI) dropped from 0.61 in 1995 to 0.20 in 2010, and then rebounded to 0.66 in 2024. The PLSR analysis identified four key drivers: Suaeda heteroptera carbon storage, mean patch area, aquaculture development intensity, and vegetation recovery rate. The simplified PLSR model constructed using these indicators achieved a cross-validation R 2 of 0.967. This coupled model provides a simple, efficient, and reliable method for the rapid assessment and long-term monitoring of coastal wetland ecosystem health.

Suggested Citation

  • Shupan Lv & Haixia Sun & Wenbo Qi & Jiawei Lv & Xinzhu Zhang & Zihao Zhang & Ming Liu & Yan Zhang & Quan Liu & Rui Yan, 2026. "Ecosystem Health Assessment of the Liaohe Estuary Suaeda heteroptera Wetland Based on a Coupled PSR–Entropy Weight–PLSR Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-27, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:18:y:2026:i:12:p:6308-:d:1970998
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