Diagnosing the Spatial Pattern, System Coupling Coordination, and Dominant Obstacles of Ecological Resilience Based on the RAR Framework: Evidence from Heilongjiang Province

Enhancing ecological resilience is essential for safeguarding ecological security in high-latitude cold regions under the combined pressures of climate change and intensive human disturbance. Focusing on Heilongjiang Province, China, this study develops a multi-scale analytical framework based on the resistance-adaptability-recovery (RAR) perspective and covering 11 indicators to reveal the spatial differentiation, internal coordination, and dominant constraints of ecological resilience (ER). Quantifications were conducted using 2024 multi-source spatial data at a 1 km × 1 km grid scale, with results aggregated to 120 counties at the county scale and further identified by applying Global Moran’s I, hot spot analysis, the coupling coordination degree model, and the obstacle degree model. The results reveal spatial heterogeneity in ER and its components. Resistance is generally weak, adaptability is strong, and recovery is polarized. ER components exhibit positive spatial autocorrelation. Medium coordination predominates (47.5% of counties), followed by low coordination (33.33%) and high coordination (19.17%). Low-coordination is constrained by weak resistance and recovery. Identifying soil conservation and habitat quality as primary constraints, which jointly constrain 88.4% of counties. These findings provide a mechanism-oriented basis for differentiated ecological governance in cold-region ecological security barriers.