Drivers of Institutional Sustainability in Egyptian and Saudi Universities: A Comparative Mixed-Methods Analysis

Purpose: This study investigates the multifaceted dynamics of institutional sustainability (IS) within the higher education sectors of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. It examines the direct influence of cultural, technological, and economic factors, alongside change management techniques (CMT), on the sustainability of universities in these two nations. Methodology: Employing a comparative, mixed-methods approach, the research collected data from 427 university staff members across Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for data analysis, complemented by Multiple Group Analysis (MGA) to explore variations across different demographics, including gender, geographical location, and institution type (public vs. private). Findings: The study reveals that Change Management Techniques (CMT), cultural norms, technological infrastructure, and economic factors all significantly and directly influence institutional sustainability. Effective CMT is crucial for successful technological integration and mitigating staff resistance. Cultural norms, particularly in high power distance and collectivist societies, profoundly impact the adoption of innovations. A robust technological infrastructure is foundational for operational efficiency and educational outcomes, while strategic economic planning and diversified funding streams are vital for long-term stability and growth. Originality: This research offers actionable insights for policymakers and academic leaders by providing a nuanced understanding of how to build resilient, sustainable, and technologically advanced educational institutions in the Middle East. It emphasizes the necessity of context-specific strategies that acknowledge the unique regional socio-cultural and economic realities of Saudi Arabia and Egypt, bridging the gap between global sustainability paradigms and local implementation challenges.