Research on the Development Strategy of Green Technological Innovation in Mining Enterprises Under Environmental Regulation: A Multi–Actor Behavior Perspective

With the intensification of environmental challenges, promoting green technological innovation in mining enterprises has become essential for achieving sustainable and high–quality development in resource–based industries. Based on evolutionary game theory, this study develops a tripartite model involving government, mining enterprises, and consumers, integrating reward–and–punishment mechanisms, enterprises’ dependence on policy support, and consumers’ green preferences and supervisory behavior. The analysis explores the strategic evolution of different actors under varying regulatory and regional conditions. The results show that strict environmental regulation accelerates coordinated strategy convergence when enterprise innovation incentives and green demand are insufficient, whereas a market–driven green–innovation equilibrium can emerge under relatively weak regulation when innovation returns and consumer green responses are sufficiently strong. The findings identify differentiated governance pathways under alternative combinations of regulatory pressure, enterprise incentives, policy support, and consumer response, providing conditional implications for the sustainable transformation of mining enterprises.