Logistics 5.0 in the 5.0 Ecosystem: Bridging Structural Readiness, Functional Capability, and Sustainable System Performance—A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

The transition toward the 5.0 paradigm, encompassing Society 5.0, Industry 5.0, and Service 5.0, positions logistics as a critical enabler of sustainable and resilient socio-economic transformation. Logistics 5.0 is increasingly associated with sustainability and human-centric system design; however, the assumption that higher technological readiness leads to improved sustainability performance remains insufficiently examined. This study conducts a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA methodology, covering the period 2016–2026 and synthesizing a final dataset of 149 peer-reviewed articles, synthesizing research on Logistics 5.0 readiness, digital maturity models, resilience capabilities, and sustainability performance. The results reveal three key gaps: (i) the dominance of techno-centric readiness models that marginalize sustainability outcomes, (ii) fragmented and methodologically inconsistent evidence linking digital transformation to environmental and social performance, and (iii) the prevalence of compensatory logic allowing high digitalization levels to offset weaknesses in resilience or sustainability. In response, the paper conceptualizes Logistics 5.0 as an integrative operational layer within the 5.0 ecosystem and proposes a non-compensatory conceptual framework based on a three-layer architecture comprising structural readiness, functional system capabilities, and sustainability performance outcomes. The findings demonstrate that sustainability should be understood as an emergent system property mediated by resilience and adaptability rather than a direct consequence of digitalization. The study contributes to advancing integrated maturity assessment approaches aligned with sustainable development objectives.