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Cold Asphalt Mixtures with Industrial By-Products for Rapid Pavement Repairs

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Listed:
  • Paula Cristina Fernandes-Leal

    (C-MADE, Centre of Materials and Civil Engineering for Sustainability, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, Edifício II das Engenharia, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Hernán Patricio Moyano-Ayala

    (C-MADE, Centre of Materials and Civil Engineering for Sustainability, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, Edifício II das Engenharia, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

  • Marisa Sofia Fernandes Dinis-Almeida

    (C-MADE, Centre of Materials and Civil Engineering for Sustainability, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, Edifício II das Engenharia, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal)

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable and economically efficient road maintenance solutions has driven the development of materials that reduce the use of natural aggregates and promote waste valorization. In this context, this study evaluates the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and greywacke aggregates derived from Panasqueira mining by-products as partial or total substitutes for granite aggregates in cold asphalt mixtures intended for rapid pothole repair. Reference mixtures and recycled mixtures were produced with controlled proportions of RAP and greywacke, using cationic bituminous emulsion and hydrated lime, as well as an additional mixture composed only of RAP with a fluxing cold binder. Three commercial mixtures, identified as CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3, were also evaluated. Performance was analyzed through Cantabro particle loss, Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile stiffness modulus, and water sensitivity (ITSR). The results show that greywacke provides a robust granular skeleton, while RAP content and binder type influence stiffness, cohesion, and moisture resistance. Overall, the combination of RAP and greywacke proved to be technically viable and, in several cases, superior to the commercial mixtures studied.

Suggested Citation

  • Paula Cristina Fernandes-Leal & Hernán Patricio Moyano-Ayala & Marisa Sofia Fernandes Dinis-Almeida, 2026. "Cold Asphalt Mixtures with Industrial By-Products for Rapid Pavement Repairs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:18:y:2026:i:10:p:5147-:d:1947247
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