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Validation of the Questionnaire to Measure Social Entrepreneurship in a Sample of Mexican Health Sciences Students

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  • Francisco Javier Turrubiates-Hernández

    (Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, División de Disciplinas Clínicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
    Centro de Innovación Social y Emprendimiento Sostenible, Coordinación de Ecosistemas para el Aprendizaje, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
    Departamento de Alimentación y Nutrición, División de Disciplinas para el Desarrollo, Promoción y Preservación de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico)

  • José Francisco Muñoz-Valle

    (Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, División de Disciplinas Clínicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
    Centro de Innovación Social y Emprendimiento Sostenible, Coordinación de Ecosistemas para el Aprendizaje, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
    Máster en Innovación Social y Economía Solidaria, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Guillermo González-Estevez

    (Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, División de Disciplinas Clínicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
    Departamento de Alimentación y Nutrición, División de Disciplinas para el Desarrollo, Promoción y Preservación de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico)

  • Jorge Hernández-Bello

    (Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, División de Disciplinas Clínicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico)

  • Alexis Missael Vizcaíno-Quirarte

    (Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, División de Disciplinas Básicas para la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico)

  • Cristian Oswaldo Hernández-Ramírez

    (Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, División de Disciplinas Clínicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
    Centro de Innovación Social y Emprendimiento Sostenible, Coordinación de Ecosistemas para el Aprendizaje, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico)

  • Beatriz Verónica Panduro-Espinoza

    (Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, División de Disciplinas Clínicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico)

  • Norma Alicia Ruvalcaba-Romero

    (Departamento de Psicología Básica, División de Disciplinas Básicas para la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico)

Abstract

Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a strategic approach to addressing collective needs through innovative and sustainable solutions. While many instruments have traditionally focused on business and organizational metrics, a significant gap remains in tools specifically validated for the professional and cultural context of health sciences in Latin America. Grounded in a multidimensional theoretical framework of social entrepreneurship traits, this study aimed to validate a questionnaire designed to measure social entrepreneurship among 1129 Mexican health science students. Following exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring and confirmatory factor analysis, a refined 17-item three-dimensional structure was identified, comprising innovative, execution, and social traits. The model demonstrated moderate fit (χ 2 = 580.468, p <0.001; CFI = 0.831; RMSEA = 0.084) and preliminary internal consistency. Measurement invariance across sex and semester was also supported. These findings provide a context-specific tool for exploring initial entrepreneurial potential, enabling higher education institutions to design targeted programs that foster proactive innovation and social commitment toward sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Javier Turrubiates-Hernández & José Francisco Muñoz-Valle & Guillermo González-Estevez & Jorge Hernández-Bello & Alexis Missael Vizcaíno-Quirarte & Cristian Oswaldo Hernández-Ramírez & Beatr, 2026. "Validation of the Questionnaire to Measure Social Entrepreneurship in a Sample of Mexican Health Sciences Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:18:y:2026:i:10:p:5051-:d:1945150
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