A Development Model of Sustainable Development for Economic Systems of Russian Regions Based on Innovative Hyperclusters

Digital transformation calls for new models of sustainable regional development, particularly in spatially heterogeneous emerging economies where interregional cooperation and network effects play an important role in reducing disparities and supporting the gradual formation of integrated development systems. This study aims to develop a conceptual governance model based on innovative hyperclusters defined as transregional multi-sector network structures integrating digital platforms with circular economy principles. To achieve this goal, a composite ESG index was constructed by aggregating 26 statistical indicators (Environmental, Social, Governance) using a generalized Minkowski mean, and applied to empirically assessment of 85 Russian regions sustainable development. Regions were classified into five sustainability groups, from vulnerable to integrated. Most Russian regions fall into intermediate categories, while some lack the critical mass required for traditional cluster formation. The proposed hypercluster model functions as a digital bridge, allowing lagging regions to integrate into distributed value chains, access advanced competencies, and co-develop green technologies. This study offers a threefold contribution to the literature: first, a robust composite ESG indicator adapted to the Russian statistical framework; second, a novel governance model of innovative hyperclusters as a systemic tool for overcoming structural imbalances; third, empirically grounded differentiated application scenarios for Russian regions.