A Case Study on Spatial Heterogeneity in the Urban Built Environment in Kwun Tong, Hong Kong, Based on the Adaptive Entropy MGWR Model

The built environment, serving as the core spatial vehicle for human production and daily activities, constitutes a vital foundation for achieving sustainable urban development and high-quality renewal. However, amidst rapid urbanisation, certain areas continue to grapple with issues such as ageing infrastructure, inefficient land use, and imbalanced spatial structures, hindering the establishment of sustainable urban forms. Consequently, identifying the evolutionary characteristics and influencing mechanisms of the built environment from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity holds critical significance for advancing refined governance and sustainable planning. Taking Kwun Tong District in Hong Kong as a case study, this research constructs an Adaptive-Entropy Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) analytical framework. This systematically reveals the spatial distribution patterns of built environment elements and their multi-scale spatial heterogeneity characteristics. The findings indicate the following: (1) The built environment exhibits significant spatial differentiation and clustering structures across different scales, reflecting complex spatial processes driven by multiple interacting factors (2) Compared with the OLS model at a 1000 m scale and the GWR model at a 500 m scale, the Adaptive-Entropy MGWR model at a 100 m scale demonstrated superior fitting accuracy and explanatory power. It more effectively captured local structural variations and scale effects, thereby offering greater guidance value for sustainable planning. Building upon these findings, this study further proposes pathway recommendations for urban renewal and built environment optimisation in Kwun Tong District, offering an analytical approach and technical framework that may serve as a reference for sustainable development in high-density cities.