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Walking and Time! The Style of Walkability in Urmia Old Town

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  • Momen Foadmarashi

    (CIAUD, Research Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Design, Lisbon School of Architecture, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Sá Nogueira, Polo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1349-063 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Farnaz Eskandari

    (Department of Architecture and Urban Development, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 16846-13114, Iran)

  • Francisco Serdoura

    (CIAUD, Research Centre for Architecture, Urbanism and Design, Lisbon School of Architecture, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Sá Nogueira, Polo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1349-063 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the spatial evolution and walkability of Urmia’s historic Bazaar, applying Space Syntax theory to support heritage-sensitive urban planning. Three temporal configurations (1933, 1948, 2018) were reconstructed from georeferenced maps and field surveys and analyzed in Depthmap X version 0.8.0 using syntactic measures (NAC, NAI, Entropy, Intelligibility). The results indicate that modernization expanded network connectivity and introduced linear patterns, yet the Bazaar continues to function as the primary configurational hub driving socio-economic interaction. The findings empirically reinforce natural movement theory and offer practical guidance for planning strategies that enhance spatial permeability while sustaining historic fabric integrity and cultural continuity.

Suggested Citation

  • Momen Foadmarashi & Farnaz Eskandari & Francisco Serdoura, 2025. "Walking and Time! The Style of Walkability in Urmia Old Town," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-27, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:23:p:10758-:d:1808062
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