Plastic Waste Management Practices in Zanzibar’s Coastal Tourist Communities

Plastic is a key industrial innovation with wide ranging applications. However, its extensive production, consumption, and inadequate disposal practices have created a complex environmental challenge, resulting in escalating ecological and public health impacts. This study examines plastic waste management practices in the rural coastal communities of Kendwa, Nungwi, Paje, and Michamvi, located near tourist hotels in Zanzibar’s Northern and Southern districts, Tanzania. Structured interviews, observation checklists, and participatory workshops were used to assess the types of plastic waste generated and the level of community engagement in disposal practices. Findings indicate that single-use polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) packaging, particularly beverage bottles and other disposable items from hotels, dominate the waste stream. Nungwi and Kendwa demonstrate proactive responses, supported by a professional waste management company and NGO-led awareness programs promoting sustainable practices. In contrast, Paje and Michamvi continue to face challenges from tourism-linked waste, highlighting disparities in local management capacity. Despite positive initiatives in Nungwi and Kendwa, persistent littering remains a problem due to weak enforcement, limited infrastructure, and inconsistent community compliance. To address these gaps, the study recommends implementing waste bank programs alongside financial sustainability measures and community empowerment initiatives, to reinforce existing efforts and advance more sustainable waste management.