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Towards Sustainable Railways Using Polymeric Inclusions, Polyurethane Foam and Marginal Materials Derived from Rubber Tires

Author

Listed:
  • Piyush Punetha

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Mohammad Adnan Farooq

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Naveen Kumar Meena

    (Beca Pty. Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia)

  • Sanjay Nimbalkar

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

Rail transport is widely regarded as a sustainable and environmentally friendly option for long-distance freight and passenger movement during its operation phase. However, its construction and maintenance phases often result in substantial environmental impacts, which must be addressed to improve the overall sustainability of railways. This study aims to identify solutions that improve the performance of railway tracks, reduce maintenance requirements, and minimize environmental impact. With this objective, the potential of artificial inclusions and innovative composite materials in enhancing the sustainability of railway tracks is investigated through a comprehensive methodology, combining experimental, analytical and numerical approaches. A novel composite material, comprising soil, scrap tire aggregates and an adhesive, demonstrated strong potential as a sustainable base layer for ballastless railway tracks, exhibiting minimal strain accumulation (0.29–0.98%) under 50,000 load cycles and adequate damping. Incorporation of cellular artificial inclusions in the substructure layers of ballasted tracks reduced cumulative settlement by up to 33% and slowed track geometry deterioration. Use of planar artificial inclusions beneath a pile-supported railway embankment enhanced the load transfer efficiency and curtailed settlement, while also lowering environmental impact by reducing concrete usage. The findings of this study highlight strong potential of these approaches in improving track performance and the overall sustainability of railways.

Suggested Citation

  • Piyush Punetha & Mohammad Adnan Farooq & Naveen Kumar Meena & Sanjay Nimbalkar, 2025. "Towards Sustainable Railways Using Polymeric Inclusions, Polyurethane Foam and Marginal Materials Derived from Rubber Tires," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-34, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:20:p:9007-:d:1768956
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yunlong Guo & Yameng Ji & Qiang Zhou & Valeri Markine & Guoqing Jing, 2020. "Discrete Element Modelling of Rubber-Protected Ballast Performance Subjected to Direct Shear Test and Cyclic Loading," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-31, April.
    2. Ahsan, Nabeel & Hewage, Kasun & Razi, Faran & Hussain, Syed Asad & Sadiq, Rehan, 2023. "A critical review of sustainable rail technologies based on environmental, economic, social, and technical perspectives to achieve net zero emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    3. Martha Lawrence & Richard Bullock, 2022. "The Role of Rail in Decarbonizing Transport in Developing Countries," World Bank Publications - Reports 38214, The World Bank Group.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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