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Integrating TRIZ Methodology in Human-Centered Design: Developing a Multifunctional, Sustainable Cup Holder

Author

Listed:
  • Kai-Chao Yao

    (Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
    Kenda Cultural and Educational Foundation, No. 146, Sec. 1, Zhongshan Rd., Yuanlin City 510037, Taiwan)

  • Chun-Chung Liao

    (Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
    Shenghe Technology Co., Ltd., 3F., No. 20, Ln. 786, Sec. 4, Taiwan Blvd., Taichung City 407003, Taiwan)

  • Kuo-Yi Li

    (Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Taiping Dist., Taichung City 411030, Taiwan
    Society of Innovative Education and Technology, No. 164-1, Yanji St., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 106062, Taiwan)

  • Wei-Lun Huang

    (Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
    Medical Affairs Office, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100225, Taiwan)

  • Wei-Sho Ho

    (Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
    NCUE Alumni Association, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua City 500207, Taiwan
    Hundred Rivers Co., Ltd., 11 F., No. 361, Minquan Rd., Dangou Vil., North Dist., Taichung City 404025, Taiwan)

  • Jing-Ran Xu

    (Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
    Sheng Jen Industrial Co., Ltd., No. 49, Aly. 2, Ln. 226, Sec. 1, Zhongzheng Rd., Changhua City 500004, Taiwan)

  • Shu-Chen Yang

    (Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan)

  • Hui-Ling Hsiao

    (Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan)

  • Yin-Chi Lin

    (Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan)

  • Ching-Yi Lai

    (Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan)

  • Ying-Ju Tseng

    (Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
    Department of Child Care and Education, National Yuanlin Home-Economics and Commercial Vocational Senior High School, No. 56, Zhongzheng Rd., Yuanlin City 510005, Taiwan)

Abstract

This study presents the development of an innovative multifunctional cup holder designed to enhance safety, usability, and sustainability. Addressing common issues such as accidental spills, heat retention, and structural stability, the proposed design incorporates adjustable fixation and heating functionalities. The research applies a systematic design approach, applying the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) methodology to resolve design contradictions and enhance product functionality. By integrating human factors considerations and universal design principles, the cup holder aims to improve user experience and accessibility. The design features a vacuum-based adjustable fixation system to prevent tipping, a controlled heating mechanism to maintain beverage temperature, and a shock-absorbing structure for enhanced durability. To evaluate whether the final design meets user expectations, a SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to collect user feedback, which was then analyzed using the Importance–Performance Analysis combined with the Kano model (IPA-Kano model). The results revealed an overall importance score of 4.347 and a satisfaction score of 3.943. Key strengths identified include reliable shock resistance, effective fixation, and ease of operation, while areas such as brand reputation and temperature control precision were found to require improvement due to their high importance but low performance. These insights confirm that the proposed design effectively enhances stability, thermal performance, and user convenience, while aligning with users’ expectations. By addressing critical functional and safety needs, this research advances the development of practical, user-centered innovations in everyday product design.

Suggested Citation

  • Kai-Chao Yao & Chun-Chung Liao & Kuo-Yi Li & Wei-Lun Huang & Wei-Sho Ho & Jing-Ran Xu & Shu-Chen Yang & Hui-Ling Hsiao & Yin-Chi Lin & Ching-Yi Lai & Ying-Ju Tseng, 2025. "Integrating TRIZ Methodology in Human-Centered Design: Developing a Multifunctional, Sustainable Cup Holder," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:16:p:7288-:d:1722969
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kai-Chao Yao & Kuo-Yi Li & Jing-Ran Xu & Wei-Sho Ho & Yu-Hao Shen, 2022. "Application of TRIZ Innovative System Method in Rapid Assembly of Folding Chairs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-37, November.
    2. Maria Federica Cordova & Andrea Celone, 2019. "SDGs and Innovation in the Business Context Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-14, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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