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Climate-Induced Water Management Challenges for Cabbage and Carrot in Southern Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Stanisław Rolbiecki

    (Department of Biogeochemistry, Soil Science, Irrigation and Drainage, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Barbara Jagosz

    (Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland)

  • Roman Rolbiecki

    (Department of Biogeochemistry, Soil Science, Irrigation and Drainage, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Renata Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska

    (Department of Biogeochemistry, Soil Science, Irrigation and Drainage, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

Abstract

Climate warming poses significant challenges for the sustainable management of natural water resources, making efficient planning and usage essential. This study evaluates the water requirements, irrigation demand, and rainfall deficits for two key vegetable crops, carrot and white cabbage, under projected climate scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the period 2031–2100. The analysis was conducted for Kraków and Rzeszów Counties in southern Poland using projected monthly temperature and precipitation data from the Klimada 2.0 portal. Potential evapotranspiration (ETp) during the growing season (May–October) was estimated using Treder’s empirical model and the crop coefficient method adapted for Polish conditions. The reference period for comparison was 1951–2020. The results reveal a significant upward trend in water demand for both crops, with the highest increases under the RCP 8.5 scenario–seasonal ETp values reaching up to 517 mm for cabbage and 497 mm for carrot. Rainfall deficits are projected to intensify, especially during July and August, with greater shortages in Rzeszów County compared to Kraków County. Irrigation demand varies depending on soil type and drought severity, becoming critical in medium and very dry years. These findings underscore the necessity of adapting irrigation strategies and water resource management to ensure sustainable vegetable production under changing climate conditions. The data provide valuable guidance for farmers, advisors, and policymakers in planning effective irrigation infrastructure and optimizing water-use efficiency in southern Poland.

Suggested Citation

  • Stanisław Rolbiecki & Barbara Jagosz & Roman Rolbiecki & Renata Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, 2025. "Climate-Induced Water Management Challenges for Cabbage and Carrot in Southern Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:15:p:6975-:d:1714687
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Biswas, T. & Bandyopadhyay, P.K. & Nandi, R. & Mukherjee, S. & Kundu, A. & Reddy, P. & Mandal, B. & Kumar, P., 2022. "Impact of mulching and nutrients on soil water balance and actual evapotranspiration of irrigated winter cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
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