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The Delamination Behaviour of Basalt Fibre-Reinforced In Situ-Polymerisable Acrylic and Epoxy Composites: A Sustainable Solution for Marine Applications

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  • Mohamad Alsaadi

    (PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
    ÉireComposites Teo., An Choill Rua, Indreabhán, H91 Y923 Galway, Ireland
    Materials Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Tomas Flanagan

    (ÉireComposites Teo., An Choill Rua, Indreabhán, H91 Y923 Galway, Ireland)

  • Daniel P. Fitzpatrick

    (PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland)

  • Declan M. Devine

    (PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland)

Abstract

This research paper employed novel sustainable alternative materials to reduce the environmental impact of thermoset/synthetic fibre composites. The effect of seawater hydrothermal ageing at 45 °C for 45 and 90 days on the physical and interlaminar fracture toughness (mode I and mode II) of a semi-unidirectional non-crimp basalt fibre (BF)-reinforced acrylic matrix and epoxy matrix composites was investigated. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to describe the fracture and interfacial failure mechanisms. The results show that the BF/Elium composite exhibited higher fracture toughness properties compared to the BF/Epoxy composite. The results of the mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness values for the BF/Elium composite were 1280 J/m 2 and 2100 J/m 2 , which are 14% and 56% higher, respectively, than those of the BF/Epoxy composite. The result values for both composites were normalised with respect to the density of each composite laminate. The saturated moisture content and diffusion coefficient values of seawater-aged samples at 45 °C and room temperature for the BF/Elium and BF/Epoxy composites were analysed. Both composites exhibited signs of polymer matrix decomposition and fibre surface degradation under the influence of seawater hydrothermal ageing, resulting in a reduction in the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness values. Enhancement was observed in mode I fracture toughness under hydrothermal ageing, particularly for the BF/Epoxy composite, due to matrix plasticisation and fibre bridging.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamad Alsaadi & Tomas Flanagan & Daniel P. Fitzpatrick & Declan M. Devine, 2025. "The Delamination Behaviour of Basalt Fibre-Reinforced In Situ-Polymerisable Acrylic and Epoxy Composites: A Sustainable Solution for Marine Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:15:p:6967-:d:1714590
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