Influence Mechanism of Data-Driven Dynamic Capability of Foreign Trade SMEs Based on the Perspective of Digital Intelligence Immunity

Against the backdrop of digital transformation, this study constructs an analytical framework for the influence mechanism of the data-driven dynamic capabilities of foreign trade SMEs from the perspective of digital intelligence immunity, aiming to clarify the complex relationships among influencing factors and multi-combination paths for capability improvement. The research employs the fuzzy AHP-DEMATEL method to quantify the complex influence relationships among factors and uses fsQCA to analyze the configuration paths of high-level data-driven dynamic capabilities. Results show that digital intelligence management and analysis, digital intelligence supervision and early warning, and digital intelligence ecosystem are key drivers of data-driven dynamic capabilities, with digital intelligence talents serving as a guarantee and digital foundation as a foundation. The study identifies the following two core paths for forming high-level capabilities: “management–talent–ecology collaboration” and “early warning–technology–mechanism enhancement.” It concludes that foreign trade SMEs should strengthen digital intelligence management and ecological construction, improve early warning mechanisms, and adopt multi-pronged approaches to build data-driven dynamic capabilities, providing a theoretical basis for their digital transformation and capability upgrading.