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Variability of Summer Drought and Heatwave Events in Northeast China

Author

Listed:
  • Rui Wang

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China)

  • Longpeng Cong

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China)

  • Ying Sun

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China)

  • Xiaotian Bai

    (School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China)

Abstract

As global climate change intensifies, extreme climate events are becoming more frequent, presenting significant challenges to socioeconomic systems and ecosystems. Northeast China, a region highly sensitive to climate change, has been profoundly impacted by compound drought and heat extremes (CDHEs), affecting agriculture, society, and the economy. To evaluate the characteristics and evolution of summer CDHEs in this region, this study analyzed observational data from 81 meteorological stations (1961–2020) and developed a Standardized Temperature–Precipitation Index (STPI) using the Copula joint probability method. The STPI’s effectiveness in characterizing compound drought and heat conditions was validated against historical records. Using the constructed STPI, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of CDHEs. The Theil–Sen median trend analysis, Mann–Kendall trend tests, and the frequency of CDHEs were employed to examine drought and heatwave patterns and their influence on compound events. The findings demonstrated an increase in the severity of compound drought and heat events over time. Although the STPI exhibited a slight interannual decline, its values remained above −2.0, indicating the continued intensification of these events in the study area. Most of the stations showed a non-significant decline in the Standardized Precipitation Index and a significant rise in the Standardized Temperature Index, indicating that rising temperatures primarily drive the increasing severity of compound drought and heat events. The 1990s marked a turning point with a significant increase in the frequency, severity, and spatial extent of these events.

Suggested Citation

  • Rui Wang & Longpeng Cong & Ying Sun & Xiaotian Bai, 2025. "Variability of Summer Drought and Heatwave Events in Northeast China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-24, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:14:p:6569-:d:1704705
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Qi & Yu, Xin & Qiu, Rangjian & Liu, Zhongxian & Yang, Zaiqiang, 2022. "Evolution, severity, and spatial extent of compound drought and heat events in north China based on copula model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    2. Yongping Sun & Xin Zou & Xunpeng Shi & Ping Zhang, 2019. "The economic impact of climate risks in China: evidence from 47-sector panel data, 2000–2014," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 95(1), pages 289-308, January.
    3. Muhammad Nouman Sattar & Jin-Young Lee & Ji-Yae Shin & Tae-Woong Kim, 2019. "Probabilistic Characteristics of Drought Propagation from Meteorological to Hydrological Drought in South Korea," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(7), pages 2439-2452, May.
    4. Gianluca Pescaroli & David Alexander, 2018. "Understanding Compound, Interconnected, Interacting, and Cascading Risks: A Holistic Framework," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(11), pages 2245-2257, November.
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