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A Practical Framework for the Design of Low-Carbon and Circular Building Structures

Author

Listed:
  • Kaveh Andisheh

    (Heavy Engineering Research Association (HERA), Auckland 2104, New Zealand)

  • Amir ShahMohammadi

    (Heavy Engineering Research Association (HERA), Auckland 2104, New Zealand)

  • Troy Coyle

    (Heavy Engineering Research Association (HERA), Auckland 2104, New Zealand)

Abstract

The construction sector is responsible for nearly 40% of annual global carbon emissions. This includes approximately 28% from operational carbon, 23% from transportation, and 11% from building and infrastructure materials. Following a review of the literature and a survey, a Low-Carbon Circular Design Framework was developed. The Framework was piloted to develop specific design guidance for low-rise steel, steel–concrete, and steel–timber hybrid structures. The specific guidance is targeted at industry experts, researchers, and building designers. Additionally, a Low-carbon Circular Design Hierarchy and associated flowchart was proposed. The effectiveness of the Framework, specific guidance, and proposed design flowchart was evaluated through a real-world case study involving a three-story commercial building typical of this typology in Aotearoa New Zealand. The results demonstrated that a 57% reduction in carbon using the proposed hierarchy is readily achievable within the Aotearoa New Zealand context.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaveh Andisheh & Amir ShahMohammadi & Troy Coyle, 2025. "A Practical Framework for the Design of Low-Carbon and Circular Building Structures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-23, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:12:p:5337-:d:1675230
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