Enhancing Urban Sustainability Through Green Infrastructure: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Green Space and Forest Coverage in Sichuan (2002–2022)

Integrating green infrastructure in urban planning for urban sustainability to stay environmentally equitable, ecologically resilient, and climate adaptive is gradually becoming significant. Using remote sensing data, GIS analytical methods, and urban forestry indicators, this study analyses the spatiotemporal changes in the urban green space and forest coverage of the Sichuan Province of China during 2002–2022. The results show a 20% to 40% addition to urban green space and a 24% to 38% extension in forest coverage resulting from urban greening programmes and reforestation schemes. Urban sprawl has contributed to biodiversity loss, the fragmentation of habitats, and a reduced carbon sequestration potential, notably in peri-urban areas. To address these issues, we propose sustainable green infrastructure by introducing nature-based solutions, carbon offset strategies, and ecological connectivity corridors. Specific proposed policies encompass enhancing the urban forestry legal framework, establishing ecological red lines, and optimising land use policies by coordinating urban development with ecological conservation. This work provides a scientific foundation for urban planners and policymakers to enhance climate resilience, carbon neutrality, and sustainable urban ecosystems.