IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i10p4591-d1657943.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Resilience Assessment of Urban Bus–Metro Hybrid Networks in Flood Disasters: A Case Study of Zhengzhou, China

Author

Listed:
  • Tianliang Zhu

    (Urban Mobility Institute, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Hui Li

    (Urban Mobility Institute, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
    Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Yixuan Wu

    (Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Yuzhe Jiang

    (Urban Mobility Institute, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Jie Pan

    (Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

  • Zhenhua Dai

    (Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

Abstract

Urban transportation systems, particularly integrated bus–metro networks, play a critical role in sustaining city functions but face significant vulnerability during extreme flood disasters. Taking Zhengzhou, China, as a case study, this study developed a comprehensive assessment model to evaluate the resilience of urban bus–metro hybrid networks under flood scenarios. First, a complex network-based bus–metro hybrid transportation network model was established, incorporating quantifiable flood disaster risk indices considering disaster-inducing factors, hazard-prone environments, and disaster-bearing entities. A cascading failure model was then constructed to simulate the propagation of node failures and passenger load redistribution during flood events. Subsequently, network resilience was evaluated using the topological metric of the relative size of the largest connected component and the functional metric of global efficiency. The analysis examined the influence of the load capacity sensitivity parameters α and β on resilience outcomes. Simulation results indicated that the parameter combination α = 0.8 and β = 2.0 yielded the highest resilience under the tested conditions, offering a balance between redundancy and the targeted protection of high-load nodes. Additionally, recovery strategies prioritizing nodes based on betweenness centrality significantly improved resilience outcomes. This study provides valuable insights and practical guidance for improving urban transportation resilience, assisting policymakers and planners in better mitigating flood disaster impacts.

Suggested Citation

  • Tianliang Zhu & Hui Li & Yixuan Wu & Yuzhe Jiang & Jie Pan & Zhenhua Dai, 2025. "Resilience Assessment of Urban Bus–Metro Hybrid Networks in Flood Disasters: A Case Study of Zhengzhou, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-18, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:4591-:d:1657943
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/10/4591/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/10/4591/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:4591-:d:1657943. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.