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Advancing Sustainable Development Goal 4 Through a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: The Development and Validation of a Student-Centered Educational Quality Scale in Developing Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Yan Wang

    (Academy of Guangzhou Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Zhihua Liu

    (School of Politics and Public Administration, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510613, China)

  • Chenglin Tu

    (Academy of Guangzhou Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China)

Abstract

Aligned with the 2030 Agenda’s call for inclusive, quality education, this study bridges Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL)—both committed to equitable, evidence-based education. We address the challenge of SoTL practice and of implementing SDG4 targets in top–down systems prevalent in developing countries by centering student voices. By centering student perspectives as a reflective lens, we develop and validate a student-driven five-dimensional SoTL evaluation scale. Utilizing a three-phase mixed-methods approach—the initial construction of a 48-item scale (Stage 1), pilot testing with 202 students and exploratory factor analysis (Stage 2), and confirmatory factor analysis with 468 responses in the main survey (Stage 3)—we established a robust framework encompassing teaching practice, teaching effectiveness, knowledge base, the multi-relationship, and teaching interaction. This study provides a scalable tool for monitoring progress toward the SDG4 targets across diverse educational contexts, bridging global sustainability imperatives with the localized pedagogical reality.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan Wang & Zhihua Liu & Chenglin Tu, 2025. "Advancing Sustainable Development Goal 4 Through a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: The Development and Validation of a Student-Centered Educational Quality Scale in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:4369-:d:1653758
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yunseong Jo & Ah Jeong Hong, 2023. "Development and Validation of a Readiness for Organizational Change Scale," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, November.
    2. Woong Suh & Seongjin Ahn, 2022. "Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Student Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, May.
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