Effect of Pumping Speeds on the Fate of Aniline in Different Soil Layer

Helan Mountain is an important ecological safety barrier in northwest China. In this study, a heterogeneous site polluted by aniline on Helan Mountain was the research object, and the TMVOC (A Simulator For Multiple Volatile Organic Chemicals) model of aniline restoration by pumping was optimized by employing a column experiment. Four typical layers of the soil medium were selected to explore the influence of soil settlement caused by different pumping speeds on the fate of aniline in different zones. The results show that the optimal pumping speed at the site is 3.24 × 10 6 m 3 /month and the latest remediation time is the 10th month after the start of the remediation. The larger the pumping speed is, the more obvious the sedimentation effect is. When the remediation is carried out at 5.18 × 10 6 m 3 /month, the NAPL (Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquid) phase removal rate decreases by 33.75% and the distribution of aniline to the NAPL phase increases, compared to that without considering the soil settlement. The fate of aniline in the source zone is the least affected by sedimentation, while that in the vadose zone is the most affected. The phase redistribution phenomenon is the most obvious in the water table fluctuation zone, and the NAPL phase aniline changes into gas and liquid phases. In addition, the NAPL phase concentration in the water table fluctuation zone is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 0.2 m below the water table. NAPL is the most sensitive to the relative settlement in the aquifer. The simulation results can provide a technical reference for the future application of P&T (Pump-and-Treat) technology in the remediation of organically contaminated sites to facilitate the sustainable use of soil. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the water table fluctuation zone during the remediation of contaminated sites.