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Homogeneous Photosensitized Oxidation for Water Reuse in Cellars: A Study of Different Photosensitizers

Author

Listed:
  • Andreia D. Santos

    (CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima—Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
    Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes—Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Diana Gonçalves

    (CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima—Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Rui C. Martins

    (CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima—Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Marta Gmurek

    (Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Anabela Nogueira

    (Adventech, Lda, Rua de Fundões, 151, 3700-121 São João da Madeira, Portugal)

  • Sérgio Castro-Silva

    (Adventech, Lda, Rua de Fundões, 151, 3700-121 São João da Madeira, Portugal)

  • Luis M. Castro

    (CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima—Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
    Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes—Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
    SISus—Laboratory of Sustainable Industrial Systems, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes—Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Rosa Quinta-Ferreira

    (CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima—Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal)

Abstract

The demand for fresh water is increasing daily, requiring industries to take action to reduce the need for fresh water. Winemaking industries represent a massive hydric impact by combining the water consumed and the high volume of wastewater produced. The sun-driven photooxidation process has been widely employed in removing wastewater pollutants. This work employed four photosensitizers, Rose Bengal, AlPcS 4 , ZnPcS 4 , and TPP, for water reuse in cellars. A secondary effluent has been investigated as a water matrix. Of all the photosensitizers (PS) employed, ZnPcS 4 showed better chemical oxygen demand (COD) (23%) and phenolic (TPh) (81%) removal. The effect of pH and concentration was also assessed for ZnPcS 4 . The phenolic content removal was found to be highly dependent on the solution’s pH, as alkaline solutions improve the singlet oxygen quantum yield where the use of a pH = 11 reached 42% and 81% of COD and TPH removal. However, a pH higher than 7 showed higher PS bleaching than pH = 7. Three different PS concentrations were evaluated: 3 × 10 −6 , 5 × 10 −6 , and 1 × 10 −5 mol/L. The optimal PS concentration was found to be 5 × 10 −6 mol/L.

Suggested Citation

  • Andreia D. Santos & Diana Gonçalves & Rui C. Martins & Marta Gmurek & Anabela Nogueira & Sérgio Castro-Silva & Luis M. Castro & Rosa Quinta-Ferreira, 2023. "Homogeneous Photosensitized Oxidation for Water Reuse in Cellars: A Study of Different Photosensitizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6861-:d:1127120
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kawser Kassab & Ahmad Z. Al-Herrawy, 2005. "Photosensitized Inactivation of Cyst Forms of the Freshwater Amoeba Vahlkampfia hartmanni by Aluminium (III) Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 13-18, March.
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