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Vital Conditions to Remove Pollutants from Synthetic Wastewater Using Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum

Author

Listed:
  • Silambarasi Mooralitharan

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan

    (Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
    School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia)

  • Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki

    (School of Computing, Engineering & the Built Environment, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK
    Solar Research Institute (SRI), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
    Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia)

  • Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar

    (Solar Research Institute (SRI), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
    Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
    Environmental Management Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

Mycoremediation, a fungal-based technology, has seen tremendous growth as an effective alternative to treat industrial wastewater due to its ability to oxidise pollutant loadings. Considering the non-toxic properties and high potential degradation performance of Ganoderma lucidum , this research aims to study the performance of a Malaysian G. lucidum strain, the effect of agitation speed, and different carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio concentrations of synthetic wastewater in degrading chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia. Different agitation speeds (25 rpm, 50 rpm and 100 rpm) and C/N ratios (C10N1, C13.3N1 and C16.7N1) were chosen as parameters to be analysed in this study. The best degradation of COD and ammonia with a percentage removal in the range of 95% to 100% within 30 h of treatment. ANOVA analysis was done using the response surface methodology to verify the obtained results, and it was found that mycoremediation using 100 rpm agitation provided the best results, removing more than 95% of COD and ammonia from synthetic wastewater. The microscopic analysis also showed that the structure of G. lucidum changed after wastewater treatment. This result proved that the Malaysian G. lucidum strain has a good potential in treating synthetic domestic wastewater, especially with high organic content, as a naturally sustainable bioremediation system.

Suggested Citation

  • Silambarasi Mooralitharan & Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah & Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan & Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki & Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar & Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar, 2023. "Vital Conditions to Remove Pollutants from Synthetic Wastewater Using Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3819-:d:1074163
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