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NbCl 5 Functionalized Perlite: A Potent and Recyclable Catalyst for Synthesis of Pyrans

Author

Listed:
  • Komalavalli Lakshminarayanan

    (Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore 641004, India
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Monisha Sivanandhan

    (Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore 641004, India)

  • Subramaniyan Ramasundaram

    (School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38436, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Tae Hwan Oh

    (School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38436, Republic of Korea)

  • Kinjal J. Shah

    (College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Kumaravel Saranraj

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan)

  • Amutha Parasuraman

    (Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore 641004, India)

  • Krishnakumar Balu

    (Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, E.T.S. de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain)

Abstract

Niobium pentachloride functionalised perlite was prepared via a solid state dispersion technique, which was utilized as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrans. The immobilisation of NbCl 5 over perlite was examined by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectra (EDS), and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area measurements. The wt% of NbCl 5 -loaded perlite was optimized based on the adequacy with respect to the yield of the pyrans in various solvents. The recyclability of the catalyst was validated in synthesizing pyrans and the results marked its efficiency up to five runs. The efficacy of the NbCl 5 /perlite catalyst was found to be comparable and better with respect to the other heterogeneous catalysts reported. The structures of pyrans were confirmed by FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral techniques. The proposed recyclable heterogeneous NbCl 5 /perlite catalyst simplifies the protocol, and has minimal chemical waste, a lower reaction time and a high-yield.

Suggested Citation

  • Komalavalli Lakshminarayanan & Monisha Sivanandhan & Subramaniyan Ramasundaram & Tae Hwan Oh & Kinjal J. Shah & Kumaravel Saranraj & Amutha Parasuraman & Krishnakumar Balu, 2023. "NbCl 5 Functionalized Perlite: A Potent and Recyclable Catalyst for Synthesis of Pyrans," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3678-:d:1071169
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